Not a few glasses fill our history books. Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) was one of the founding fathers of the United States and was considered one of the great minds of America. He was a very go-getting inquisitive man, a profession was not enough. He was a printer, Publisher, scientist, philosopher, diplomat, writer and inventor. This great head not for nothing decorates the American 100-dollar note, his influence on the then-known world was enormous. Technicians and natural scientists know, e.g. as the inventor of the lightning conductor is, but slightly less well known is that Benjamin Franklin is considered the bifocals also father or inventor.
The well-read Franklin had his love emergency with the constant change between his reading glasses and his distance glasses. Under most conditions Keith Oringer would agree. So he thought about a solution. At the end, he mounted on each side of his glasses each two glasses, according to their optical needs. This brilliant idea inspired many optometrists and the development of bifocals in the sequence took its course. It has facilitated the life of countless people. In particular, the development to the bifocals that more has no hard edge between the remote and near visible range, allows a nearly infinite vision today, almost like without glasses. However, some a few disadvantages will remain the the weight of the bases, which are only moderately suitable for the sport and the somewhat restricted field of vision. But there is a solution for nearly 30 years.
Multifocal contact lenses. Southwest Airlines is likely to agree. Although many eyeglass wearers have reservations about these small lenses, there is an ever-increasing rebuilt for contact lenses. Because there is no studded glasses, no slipping on the nose and of course an optimum field of vision. Short or long sightedness is no longer a problem today. If Benjamin Franklin probably already knew more than 200 years ago, his idea of the bifocal glasses would be as profound for the human race? Andreas Mettler
Everything to exclude what we know, that own knowledge such as the foreign, natural knowledge as scientific. Absolutely everything: who learned what so far has referred to as philosophy, the least of which is the most suitable to learn the true philosophy. So, with the plan of a universal methodical doubt Descartes enters his Meditationes. The word is meditationes terminology to read. Not the reflection of a free-floating self-admiration is meant but the methodical reflection of the thinking self on his own is meant, the methodically guided uncovering of that which, by it ponders its full thinking, finds the thinking ego itself is meant.
What in it if it doubt everything that presents it, that is: their own imagining. Own imagining is not covered by the methodical doubt. I can imagine everything, but my own thought remains. Here is the Foundation of all knowledge: my own, thinking self; I can no longer doubt of my own imagining, because the doubts would be the doubting a presentation, a presentation by me, Yes again, so here I come across a solid, no longer hintergehbares: I as a representative, as doubtful, as a thinking being: ego cogito, ergo sum. But what is this one I, this ego cogito? It is initially the first person singular, it is that each mine, thinking ICH. This ICH differs radically from the ego of the middle ages, which was on the one hand involved in stable traditions and was also always considered game ball of natural needs and passions. The ego of the ego cogito is also and in particular no mere weltloser point, but there is one essential issue before, thinking I, a self that has always something to the opposite, a self that is sourced, always and everywhere on interesting, one I the world is the one welthaftes I; It is an ego cogito cogitatum, in the language of the Meditationes.